ABSTRACT
Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections in elderly people in nursing homes and hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between urinary tract infections and nursing interventions in elderly residents in Kahrizak nursing home. This descriptive- analytical study was done on 256 elderly men and women with an average age 76.03 +/- 8/32 in 2010. Sampling was done through simple random among elderly above 60 years old who were resident in Kahrizak nursing home. Data were collected through a questionnaire which is made by researcher and urine culture. For data analysis, SPSS 17, the chi-square and fisher's exact test were used. The significant level of P<0.05 was considered. 34% [87 patients] of elderly were diagnosed with urinary tract infections. 74.3% elderly men and 46.9% of elderly women who had the foley catheter had positive urine culture [P=0.001]. The prevalence of UTI in elderly people who washed the area around of catheter with water and antiseptic solution were respectively 47.2% and 35.5% which was statistically significant [P=0.042]. The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of UTI in elderly who were received standard nursing care was less than from those who didn't receive these interventions, whereas by the accomplishment of standard nursing care, the frequency of UTI in elderly can be reduced.
ABSTRACT
To report a case of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome [HPS]. A 7-year-old boy presented with marked generalized hypopigmentation, eye deviation and nystagmus. In addition he had history of easy bruising. Visual acuity was 20/200. He had markedly translucent green irides, hypermetropic astigmatism, horizontal nystagmus and marked exotropia. Funduscopy revealed a hypopigmented retina and foveal hypoplasia. He was found to have platelet storage defect with deficient adenosine diphosphate and abnormal aggregation compatible with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. He underwent strabismus surgery considering precautions such as reserving platelets for any hemorrhagic event. Patients with albinism should be evaluated for HPS before surgery to prevent life threatening complications
ABSTRACT
To investigate the outcomes of keratolimbal allograft [KLAL] for treatment of total limbal stem cell deficiency [LSCD]. Patients with total LSCD and adequate tear production were included. A total of 27 KLAL procedures were performed in 21 eyes of 20 patients with LSCD. Immunosuppression was achived using mycophenolate and cyclosporine. Main outcome measure was improvement in vision; in addition, KLAL survival and post operative complications were studied. Mean follow up period was 22.14 +/- 11.83 months [range 6-39]. Mean visual acuity improved from 2.53 +/- 0.21 to 1.49 +/- 0.77 LogMAR [P<0.0001]. Six KLALs never re-epithelialized and were considered as primary failures. Mean KLAL survival was 14.23 +/- 1.5 months. Graft survival rate was 61.9% at 1 year and 31% at 20 months. Complications included corneal ulcers in 6, glaucoma in 2 and scleral thining in 1 case. Keratolimbal allograft surgery is successful in the short term for visual rehabilitation of patients with total limbal stem cell deficiency
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the success rate of Nd:YAG laser membranotomy in patients with diabetic premacular hemorrhage. This interventional case series included 24 eyes of 22 patients referred to retina clinic of Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2000-2007 with chief complaint of sudden loss of vision and clinical diagnosis of premacular hemorrhage due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. All patients underwent complete ocular examination and color fundus photography. Nd:YAG laser membranotomy was performed in patients with >3 DD hemorrhage. Main outcome measures were success rate of membranotomy, improvement of visual acuity and the complications. Twenty-four eyes of 22 patients [68.2% female and 31.8% male] with diabetic premacular hemorrhage were enrolled. Mean age of patients was 56 +/- 6.5 years. Nd:YAG laser membranotomy was successful in 71% of patients resulting in release of trapped blood into the vitreous cavity which absorbed during 14.3 +/- 5.03 [range 8 to 27] days. Range of preoperative visual acuity was from hand motion to count finger at 4 m which improved to a range of 20/100 to 20/25 postoperatively. Patients complained of some visual disorders such as blurred vision and floater over 23-86 days [mean 43 days], postoperatively. Macular photocoagulation was performed in 11 eyes with macular edema before panretinal photocoagulation. Mean follow-up period was 34.7 +/- 18.3 [range 10-71] months. Nd:YAG laser membranotomy in diabetic premacular hemorrhage is a simple and inexpensive outpatient procedure which results in rapid visual recovery and is relatively safe. Further controlled clinical trials are recommended
ABSTRACT
Attention Deficit Hyeperactivity Disorder [ADHD] is a relatively prevalent disorder in children and is associated with some other disorders including depression. This problem also affects the emotional characteristics and intelligence quotient. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of Emotional Characteristics [EC] and depression with Intelligence Quotient [IQ] in children with ADHD. Fifty six children with ADHD and fifty six normal children matched for age and sex were selected. To determine EC, depression and IQ, the Bender - Gestalt test, Children Depression Scale, and the Raven Progressive Matrices were administered respectively. There was a positive significant correlation between EC and IQ [P<0.01], depression and IQ [P<0.01]. According to 2-variable regression analysis the regression for IQ on EC and depression was significant [P<0.01].The R2 quotient showed that nearly 41% of the IQ score was accounted for by two other independent variables of which the role of EC was 32%. Also, the results of the regression analysis indicated that the addition of a depression variable to the regression equation only increases the prediction power by 9% and among the mentioned variables, EC was the best predicators of IQ in ADHD children. Finally a t test showed a significant difference between the studied variables in ADHD and normal groups [P<0.01]. Considering the high correlation between EC and IQ as well as the significant difference between the children with ADHD and normal children, monitoring of EC has an important role in increasing the affected children's IQ
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Depression , Child , Intelligence , Intelligence Tests , EmotionsABSTRACT
Haemophilus influenza can lead to several infections in humans. For example it can lead to meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, bacteremia, septic arthritis and conjunctivitis. H. influenza can be classified into seven biotypes independent of their serotypes. Biotypes are determined by three tests including indol production, urease and ornithine decarboxylase. As specific biotypes are associated with different types of infections, sources and antimicrobial resistance patterns, this study was designed to evaluate biotyping in H.influenza and its relationship with the type of infection. In an 18 month period from April 2005 to September 2006, all clinical specimens that were candidate for Haemophilus isolation, were cultured on standard chocolate agar and blood agar with staphylococcal streak technique. Those isolates that showed the phenomenon of satellitism were biotyped by indol production, urease and ornithine decarboxylation tests. From 24 samples positive for Haemophilus influenza, 11 were isolated from eyes, 11 from paranasal sinuses, one from cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] and one from blood. The isolates from sinuses belonged to the biotype III, the biotype of 6 of the eye isolates was II and that of the other 5 biotypes were III, and the isolates from blood were type I. Another biotype was not isolated from these samples. In other studies, biotype I was the most frequently isolated biotype from CSF and blood. Biotypes II and III have been isolated from the eyes and sputum. The relationship between biotypes II and III in conjunctivitis is well documented. In this study, the most frequently isolated biotypes from conjunctivitis samples were II and III, type III was also common in sinusitis. Biotype IV has been isolated from genital tracts. Due to correlation of biotype and antimicrobial resistance, biotyping is recommended in Haemophilus isolates